We directly tested whether, when given the choice to ascend or descend, rodents would favor traveling downwards or upwards.The test incorporated different rodent species that dwell in different habitats and display different life and motor styles.Testing was performed in a three-dimensional Y-maze in which the basis was horizontal and, by rotating
The fear of embarrassment and humiliation is the central element of social anxiety.This frequent condition is associated with cognitive biases indicating increased sensitivity Defrost Fuse to signals of social threat, which are assumed to play a causal role in the maintenance of social anxiety.Here, we employed laughter, a potent medium for the exp
To conduct a non-monetary valuation of ecosystem services, this study explored combining data on the use of ecosystem resources with measuring the effort expended on agricultural activities in three communities of the lower Caqueta, Colombian Amazon.By measuring the energy Belts expended by people during their principal subsistence activities, a me
This paper presents a situational analysis of the level of life safety in the field of demographic regions of the Ural Federal District.The analysis is based on data from the Federal Statistics and covers the period 2000-2010.We have developed a system of indicators for evaluating Switchmode safety in the demographic sphere.We set the main threats